The Philosophical Society of Washington was founded on March 13, 1871. It was preceded by gatherings at the home of Joseph Henry, the great scientist whose discoveries laid foundations for advances in magnetism and electromagnetism. Since 1887 it has met at Cosmos Club, in whose founding Philosophical members played a large part. In 1878, when Cosmos was founded, it was feared that Philosophical would start an alternative club, so all present members of Philosophical Society were invited to join as founding members of Cosmos. This volume demonstrates the extraordinary history of Society.