With the signing of the intermediate-range nuclear forces (INF) treaty in December 1987, a chapter in NATO history came to an end. This agreement eliminated an entire class of nuclear weapons from Europe. This volume analyzes the possible repercussions of the INF treaty in the context of NATO's overall doctrine of flexible response, and concludes that the U.S. and NATO must adopt arms and arms control policies consistent with one another and with NATO doctrine. Co-published with the Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University.